Your questions about GAE, answered

Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure that reduces blood flow to abnormal vessels in the inflamed lining of the knee. It is used to relieve pain from knee osteoarthritis without surgery.

GAE is performed by an interventional radiologist, a physician specializing in image-guided, catheter-based procedures.

No. GAE requires only a pinhole-sized skin puncture, no incision, and no implants. It is done as an outpatient procedure.

No. GAE does not rebuild cartilage. It targets inflammation-driven pain, which can improve function and allow patients to stay active.

Adults with knee osteoarthritis pain lasting at least 3 months, moderate or greater pain, and inadequate relief from conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, or injections. Candidates often have mild-to-moderate arthritis on X-ray.

Studies suggest GAE works best in mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis. Patients with severe arthritis may have less benefit, though GAE may still be considered for those who cannot have or wish to avoid knee replacement.

People with active knee infection, a prior knee replacement in the treated knee, significant uncorrected bleeding disorders, severe kidney disease, or pregnancy are generally not candidates. A physician makes the final determination.

Yes. GAE does not alter the joint and does not prevent future knee replacement surgery.

Most patients are comfortable under local anesthesia and twilight sedation. Mild soreness at the access site or knee for a few days is common.

The procedure typically takes about 1–2 hours, followed by a few hours of recovery before going home the same day.

Some patients notice improvement within days, but relief typically develops over 2–6 weeks as inflammation settles, and can continue improving for several months.

Published studies report pain relief lasting one to two years or longer in many patients. Durability continues to be studied.

The most common side effects are temporary skin discoloration over the knee and bruising at the access site. Rare risks include skin ulceration, numbness, bleeding, contrast reaction, and non-target embolization.

Coverage varies by insurer and plan. GAE is a newer procedure and some plans consider it investigational. Our team can help verify your benefits before treatment.

Some insurance plans require a referral from your primary care physician or orthopedic specialist. You can also request a consultation directly.